Emmy Eugenie Andriesse, born 14 January 1914, was a Dutch photographer best known for her work with the Underground Camera group (De Ondergedoken Camera) during World War II.
Emmy Andriesse was the only child of Jewish couple Abraham Andriesse and Else Fuld, both working in textile companies. At age fifteen, she lost her mother, and since her father traveled internationally for work, she was raised by several aunts.
From 1932 to 1937, after high school, Andriesse studied advertising design at the Academy of Fine Arts in The Hague founded in 1929 by designer Gerrit Kiljan. At the academy she belonged to a group of students around designer Paul Schuitema. She attended an experimental class taught by Schuitema and Kiljan, where she learnt photography and the use of photographs in posters, advertising and newspaper articles. In her final years of study, between 1935 and 1937, she lived in Voorburg in a 'community house' together with a group of politically conscious fellow students. Amongst the 15 or so residents were photographer Hans Wolf and academics Eva Loeb, Hans (Johanna) IJzerman and Lex Metz.
In this environment Andriesse and her friends came into contact with International Red Aid and various anti-fascist artists' organisations. Andriesse was a member of Nederlandsche Vereeniging voor Ambachts- en Nijverheidskunst (V.A.N.K.) the Dutch Association for Craft and Craft Art. Via this association Andriesse was involved in organising the photo exhibition foto '37 in the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam, together with Carel Blazer and Cas Oorthuys.
In June 1941 Andriesse married graphic designer and visual artist Dick Elffers, with whom she had two sons, one sadly died young. As a Jew during the Nazi occupation Andriesse was no longer able to publish and she was forced into hiding. At the end of 1944, with the assistance of the anthropologist Dr Arie de Froe she forged an identity card and re-engaged in everyday life, joining a group of photographers, including Cas Oorthuys and Charles Breijer, working clandestinely as De Ondergedoken Camera (the Underground Camera). The photographs that Andriesse made under very difficult conditions of famine in Amsterdam, include Boy with pan, The Gravedigger and Kattenburg Children are documents of hunger, poverty and misery during the occupation in the "winter of hunger" of 1944-1945.
After the war, she became a fashion photographer and was an associate and mentor of Ed van der Elsken. She participated in the group show Photo '48 and in 1952, together with Carel Blazer, Eva Besnyö and Cas Oorthuys, the exhibition Photographie, both in Amsterdam's Stedelijk Museum. Edward Steichen chose her 1947 portrait of a staid and elderly Dutch couple for the section 'we two form a multitude' in the Museum of Modern Art world-touring The Family of Man that was seen by an audience of 9 million.
Andriesse's last commission, the book The World of Van Gogh - published posthumously in 1953 - was not yet complete when she became ill.
After a long battle with cancer, Emmy Andriesse died 20 February 1953, at the age of 39. In October 2006 she was included in a display of Twentieth Century European photography at the Barbican Art Gallery, London. At Harbor Island East in Amsterdam, the building "The Emmy Andriessestraat" is named after her.
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